What Is Electromagnetic Therapy?

Over the last few decades, there has grown interest in complementary and alternative health interventions, and among the interventions that are often controversial are electromagnetic therapy and magnetic therapy. Though many get the two mixed up, they are distinct. They each have differing principles, applications, and levels of recognition by science.

Types of Magnetic-Based Therapies

1. Static Magnetic Therapy

Static magnetic therapy uses permanent magnets to create a static, unchanging magnetic field. The magnets are frequently placed in:

• Jewelry, such as necklaces and bracelets

• Insoles, mattress pads, and pillows

• Wraps or patches for treating local pain

The claimed benefits include better circulation, pain relief, and reduced inflammation. Though evidence remains contradictory, static magnets continue to be marketed for arthritis, back pain, and general well-being.

2. Electromagnetic Therapy (PEMF)

Electromagnetic therapy, or pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), is the application of time-varying, low-frequency magnetic fields generated by powered devices. PEMF devices are distinct from static magnets because they can be programmed to specific frequencies and intensities, and as a result, can be utilized for medical and wellness treatments.

Certain PEMF devices are approved by the U.S. FDA for:

• Bone growth stimulation in fractures that do not heal naturally

• Treatment of post-operative pain and edema

• Recovery from spinal fusion

This tunability and clinical clearance give electromagnetic therapy a more scientific foundation than static magnets.

Common Applications of Magnetic Therapy

Magnetic therapy, especially in static form, has become popular as a simple, non-invasive wellness modality. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, it is used by many people on a daily basis for comfort and pain relief.

• The most common application is relief from joint and muscular pain. Magnetic bracelets, wraps, and patches are being widely marketed to alleviate symptoms of arthritis, back pain, and general aches and pains. Some individuals also report decreased stiffness and improved mobility.
• Magnets are also inserted in insoles, mattress pads, and pillows, being promoted as a way to improve circulation, reduce fatigue, and help achieve better sleep. Although clinical evidence is variable, many appreciate the sensation of relaxation from these products.
• Another use is in sports and recovery. Some athletes and active individuals sometimes use magnetic wraps or belts to reduce soreness after exercise and speed up recovery, in spite of limited data.
• Finally, magnets are widely promoted for general well-being and stress reduction. Bracelets or jewelry worn daily are employed as an easy way to support general health, and many find them complementary to other aspects of lifestyle.

Further reading: Uses of Magnets: The Magic of Magnetic Therapy

How Electromagnetic Therapy Works

Electromagnetic therapy works through the application of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) which create subtle electrical currents in the body's tissues. These currents influence the electrical potential of the cell membrane, which is important in regulating the exchange of ions and metabolism. When injury, inflammation, or stress disrupts the balance, healing is delayed.

PEMF reestablishes the natural membrane potential, enhancing healthier cell function and repair. The non-invasive therapy improves circulation, oxygenation, and nutrient exchange, all of which reduce inflammation and enhance healing. The fields are delivered through an applicator positioned over the treatment area, where they pass through muscle, joint, and even bone to stimulate cells to activate their own healing mechanisms.

Where It Works

• Orthopedics: Accelerates bone healing and spinal fusion

• Pain Management: Alleviates chronic back, joint, and muscle pain

• Inflammation: Aids in arthritis and edema conditions

• Sports Medicine: Increases muscle recovery and circulation

Experimental Evidence Supporting Electromagnetic Therapy

Unlike static magnets, electromagnetic therapy has been studied in controlled experiments with measurable outcomes:

• Bone Healing: A landmark study in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (Bassett et al., 1977) demonstrated that PEMF therapy was successful in augmenting the healing of non-union fractures, leading to FDA approval of bone-growth stimulators.

• Pain Management: In a 2019 randomized controlled trial in Pain Research and Management, chronic low back pain patients experienced statistically significant pain reductions after 8 weeks of PEMF treatment.

• Osteoarthritis: A 2015 Clinical Rheumatology clinical trial determined that PEMF therapy reduced pain scores and joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• Post-Surgical Recovery: A 2021 Bioelectromagnetics review confirmed that PEMF therapy reduces inflammation and edema following orthopedic surgeries.

These results demonstrate that PEMF therapy has actual benefits, particularly in orthopedics and pain management, where static magnets have little to no measurable effect. For more data and technical support, please visit Stanford Magnets.

Conclusion

Both static magnetic therapy and electromagnetic therapy rely on magnetic fields for their therapeutic impact but have substantially different mechanisms and evidence bases. Static magnets are simple and being promoted aggressively, even though there is no established clinical efficacy. Electromagnetic therapy (PEMF), however, has gained credibility through experimental studies and FDA approval for limited conditions, e.g., bone healing and pain.

For individuals considering these therapies, consulting a healthcare professional is strongly advised, especially for those with implanted devices or chronic health conditions.